A database restore might be necessary when the data area or the log area is damaged, to recover from a logical error, or to copy the database.
Oracle restores consist of the following main categories:
Full database restore: This is an in-place or out-of-place restore of all database files, the control file, and the server parameter file.
Database subset: This is a combination of a restore of any of the following files:
Archive logs
Oracle control file
Database archived redo logs